There are many different types of anticholinergic drug, but they all work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a type of neurotransmitter. Blocking this neurotransmitter inhibits involuntary muscle movements and various bodily functions.
Only a doctor can determine which anticholinergics are right for a person and how long the treatment should last.
In this article, learn more about anticholinergic drugs, their uses, and the possible side effects.
What is an anticholinergic?
Anticholinergics are a type of medication that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter, a chemical messenger in the brain, called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is responsible for transferring signals between certain cells that affect specific bodily functions.
The medication blocks acetylcholine from causing involuntary muscle movements in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and other areas of the body.
As anticholinergics can affect a variety of functions, including digestion, urination, salivation, and movement, they can help treat many conditions.
With a suitable prescription, anticholinergics are usually safe, but some people do experience side effects.
The potential side effects depend on the individual’s medical history, as well as the dosage and specific type of anticholinergics that they take.
Possible side effects include:
- confusion
- hallucinations
- memory problems
- dry mouth
- blurry vision
- constipation
- drowsiness
- sedation
- trouble urinating
- delirium
- decreased sweating
- decreased saliva
Some research has linked the long-term use of anticholinergics in older people to an increased risk of dementia. A doctor should consider a person’s age, health conditions, and other medications before prescribing these drugs.
It is essential to remain hydrated when taking anticholinergics because they decrease sweating, which may increase the risk of heatstroke.
Taking anticholinergics with alcohol or taking too many anticholinergics can result in overdose symptoms, such as:
- dizziness
- extreme drowsiness
- fever
- severe hallucinations
- confusion
- trouble breathing
- clumsiness and slurred speech
- fast heartbeat
- flushing and warmth of the skin
An overdose may also result in death.
If anyone notices these signs in themselves or another person, they should seek emergency medical attention.
Summary
Anticholinergics are medications that block the action of acetylcholine, a type of neurotransmitter. As a result, they stop involuntary muscle movements and various bodily functions.
Anticholinergic drugs can help treat a variety of conditions, including COPD, an overactive bladder, gastrointestinal disorders, and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
Anticholinergics are only available via prescription, so it is best to speak to a doctor about which type can help treat specific conditions. A doctor can also explain the risks and side effects.
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